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Quizzes > Japanese > Beginner >
「に」と「で」の違い (N5 Grammar: Difference between に and で)
by Can Pang皆さん、
おはようございます。 (Good morning everyone.)
今日、日本語教師養成コースのコーチからアサインメントの添削をもらいました。そのアサインメントにある質問、「に」と「で」の違いについて話しましょう。
(Today, i received my correction for my teaching course assignment. There's a question in the assignment regarding 「に」 and 「で」 which i like to talk about. )
「に」:
① 移動行為の方向を示します. 英語の「to」に大体対応します。 (Indicate a direction of a movement act. It's similar to 「to」 in English. )
② また、間接目的語の後ろにも置かれます。 (Also, it is also put after an indirect object.)
例：
私はAKB48コンサートへ行きます。 (I went to AKB48 concert. (point 1) )
姉は私に辞書をかってくれました。 (My sister bought a dictionary for me)
「で」:
① 活動場所を示し、場所の後に置かれます。 (It indicates the place of the activity and is put after the place)
例：
AKB48会場で歌を聞きます。 (I listen to songs at AKB48 concert hall)
秋葉原駅で待っています。 (I am waiting at Akihabara)
In contrast to the above example on 「で」, 「に」 is a particle that describes existence, let's take a look at the below examples.
①「名前はそこに書きました」
② 「名前はそこで書きました。」
What are the differences between ① and ②?
For ①、 you are describing that the location of where your name is being written to (to a piece of paper) . 「i wrote my name over there (maybe somewhere on a piece of paper)」
For ②, you are describing that the location of where the action of "your name is written (e.g on a table/in a room) " 「i wrote my name over there (on a table/room/etc) 」
③ 「庭に物置を建てた」 (In the garden, a store room is built)
④ 「庭で物置を建てた」 (In the garden, a store room was built)
For ③、 the place where the store room exists is in the garden. There's a possibility where the garden can also be somewhere else in the garden.
For ④、the building of the store room is done at the garden, where the store room is, it is probably somewhere else in the garden.
⑤ 「あそこにボールを投げる」 (I am throwing the ball to over there)
⑥「あそこでボールを投げる」 (I am throwing the ball over there)
For ⑤、You are describing the location of where the ball will end up (あそこ)
For ⑥、You are describing the location of which the action of throwing the ball is being done.
⑦ 「そこにステレオがあります」 (There's a stereo over there)
⑧ 「そこでパーティがあります」 (There's a party of there)
Also, if you are describing location of nouns that has no movement (e.g ステレオ), use 「に」。
For unnatural/dynamic nouns (e.g パーティ,結婚式 ), use 「で」.
⑨ 「仕事に疲れる」（精神的にまいっている）
⑩ 「仕事で疲れる」（肉体疲労）
In sentence 9 and 10, 「に」 is used for mental fatigue, 「で」 is used for physical fatigue.
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